Cosmic Microwave Background
The cosmic microwave background radiation is remnant light from the Big Bang. The distribution of the CMBR reveals many details of the past, present and future universe.
The universe is smooth to one part in 100,000. This is a picture of the roughness of the universe at microwave frequencies when it was about 100,000 years old. The fluctuations in the microwave radiation are correlated with fluctuations in the matter density which later grew into galaxies. By studying the pattern of the microwave background fluctuations, cosmologists can deduce information about the very young universe and the Big Bang.
Ruhl Starkman Vachaspati