Neutrino mass and oscillation have been convincingly
demonstrated in the recent atmospheric, solar, and reactor
neutrino data. Some of the fundamental neutrino properties,
however, are yet unknown. The data do not tell us the absolute
mass scale of neutrinos and whether neutrinos are their own
antiparticles. To explain all existing data in neutrino
oscillation physics additional right-handed, sterile neutrino
states have been postulated. A variety of experiments including
direct neutrino mass measurements and double beta-decay
experiments are under way to address these questions.
Zero-neutrino double beta decay will address the issues of
lepton number conservation, the particle-antiparticle nature of
neutrinos, and their masses. Searches for sterile neutrinos may
open the window to a complete new set of particles. We will
review neutrino phenomenology and models and describe selected
key experiments that will shape our understanding of the
fundamental properties of neutrinos.
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